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 Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay 
 Author: David C. Conrad Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay (Great Empires of the Past) Chelsea House Publications 2009 Language: English Pages: 152 Format: PDF Size: 15,53 МБ Beginning about 1200 CE, the Mali, Songhay, and Ghana empires spread their sequential influence across the western horn of Africa, making advances in trade, language, culture, and economy. Influenced heavily by Islam in their later periods, these empires flourished and grew under a series of powerful leaders, including one, Mansa Musa, whose skills were celebrated in European capitals. "Empires of Medieval West Africa, Revised Edition" discusses the vital role salt and other natural resources played in the development of the empires, the rich and diverse cultures, and the influence of the growing Islamic Empire on every day life. Included are some transcriptions of the oral tradition that is, in many cases, the only record of the deeds and achievements of these people. Connections to life today include the continuing impact of Islam and tribal groups in today's Africa and the influence of the medieval traditions on modern music and cuisine.
Medieval Warfare
 Author: Don Nardo Medieval Warfare (The Library of Medieval Times) Referencepoint Press 2014 Format: PDF Size: 14.6 Mb Language: English Gr 7 Up-Drawing on documented primary sources and modern scholarship, these well-written books separate fact from myth and give readers a detail-rich glimpse into life during the often gruesome Middle Ages. Books are primarily focused on Western Europe, and authors describe both the rigid social and religious structures and the ignorance and brutality that were hallmarks of medieval life. They also explain how innovation and expanded trade with the Middle East brought gradual change, especially in weaponry, warfare, and medicine. Texts are supplemented with sidebars that provide longer primary source excerpts and additional information about related topics. Illustrations, which include a single map of medieval Europe and color reproductions of period art and contemporary photos of locations and weapons, add little. These books will help readers and report writers understand the reality of medieval life.
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4, Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100-c.1500
 The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 4, Christianity in Western Europe, c.1100-c.1500 Author: Miri Rubin, Walter Simons Cambridge University Press 2009 ISBN: 0521811066 Pages: 600 Format: PDF Size: 13 mb Language: english During the early middle ages, Europe developed complex and varied Christian cultures, and from about 1100 secular rulers, competing factions and inspired individuals continued to engender a diverse and ever-changing mix within Christian society. This volume explores the wide range of institutions, practices and experiences associated with the life of European Christians in the later middle ages. The clergy of this period initiated new approaches to the role of priests, bishops and popes, and developed an ambitious project to instruct the laity. For lay people, the practices of parish religion were central, but many sought additional ways to enrich their lives as Christians. Impulses towards reform and renewal periodically swept across Europe, led by charismatic preachers and supported by secular rulers. This book provides accessible accounts of these complex historical processes and entices the reader towards further enquiry.
Women of the Renaissance
 Author: Margaret L. King Women of the Renaissance University of Chicago Press 1991 Pages: 350 Format: PDF Language : English Size: 22 mb Quality: Good In this informative and lively volume, Margaret L. King synthesizes a large body of literature on the condition of western European women in the Renaissance centuries (1350-1650), crafting a much-needed and unified overview of women's experience in Renaissance society. Utilizing the perspectives of social, church, and intellectual history, King looks at women of all classes, in both usual and unusual settings. She first describes the familial roles filled by most women of the day—as mothers, daughters, wives, widows, and workers. She turns then to that significant fraction of women in, and acted upon, by the church: nuns, uncloistered holy women, saints, heretics, reformers,and witches, devoting special attention to the social and economic independence monastic life afforded them. The lives of exceptional women, those warriors, queens, patronesses, scholars, and visionaries who found some other place in society for their energies and strivings, are explored, with consideration given to the works and writings of those first protesting female subordination: the French Christine de Pizan, the Italian Modesta da Pozzo, the English Mary Astell. Of interest to students of European history and women's studies, King's volume will also appeal to general readers seeking an informative, engaging entrance into the Renaissance period.
The Career and Writings of Demetrius Kydones: A Study of Fourteenth-Century Byzantine Politics, Religion and Society
 Author: Judith R. Ryder The Career and Writings of Demetrius Kydones: A Study of Fourteenth-Century Byzantine Politics, Religion and Society Brill Academic Publishers ISBN: 9004185658 2010 Format: PDF Size: 41,0 МБ Language: English Pages: 295 The second half of the fourteenth century was a period of rapid change in the Eastern Mediterranean, principally due to the expansion into Europe of the Ottoman Turks. Demetrius Kydones was one of the key Byzantine political and intellectual figures of the time, and his writings are regarded as one of the most important sources for study of the period. Kydones’ career spanned at least four decades, from the 1340s to the 1380s. A Latin scholar, influenced in particular by the writings of Thomas Aquinas (some of which he translated into Greek), Kydones was a leading advocate of improvement of relations between Byzantium and the Latin West as crucial to Byzantine survival. This book examines Kydones’ career and writings, investigating how they can contribute to developing a nuanced understanding of Byzantine political and cultural developments in these years of crisis.
City of Fortune: How Venice Ruled the Seas
 Author: Roger Crowley City of Fortune: How Venice Ruled the Seas Random House 2011 Format: pdf/epub Size: 24.6 Mb Language: English The New York Times bestselling author of Empires of the Sea charts Venice’s astounding five-hundred-year voyage to the pinnacle of power in an epic story that stands unrivaled for drama, intrigue, and sheer opulent majesty. City of Fortune traces the full arc of the Venetian imperial saga, from the ill-fated Fourth Crusade, which culminates in the sacking of Constantinople in 1204, to the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1499–1503, which sees the Ottoman Turks supplant the Venetians as the preeminent naval power in the Mediterranean.
Bronze age greek warrior 1600-1100 bc
 Bronze age greek warrior 1600-1100 bc (warrior 153) Osprey Publishing Ltd 2011 Format: Pdf Size: 8 Mb Language: English
The Emergence of the Bohemian State (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450)
 Author : Petr Charvt : The Emergence of the Bohemian State (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450) Leiden-Boston: Brill : 2010 ISBN: 9004180095 Pages: 288 Format : PDF Size : 11 MB Language : English The emergence of the Bohemian state is a long-discussed topic with many obscure points. Though significant progress has been reached in recent decades, the interpretations proposed are far from satisfactory. Important new information is still awaiting inclusion in explanatory schemes. In addition to that, treatises on the origins of Bohemian state have frequently failed to take account of studies of scholars from abroad. Taking account of all this, the author proposes a fresh look on some of the essential data provided by history, archaeology, art history and cultural or social anthropology. What emerges is a nuanced perspective of the rising of one of central Europes first states, attempting to avoid the pitfalls to which traditional research has been falling, with emphasis on a broad scope of vision taking account of research results reached far and wide.
Empire of the Mongols
 Author: Michael Burgan Empire Of The Mongols Facts on File 2005 Format: Pdf Size: 8,81 mb Language: English Great Empires of the Past FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS WARRIORS ON HORSEBACK rode across central Asia, conquering nearby towns and cities. These horsemen lived on the steppes, a flat, grassy region that extends from Asia into central Europe. The riders were nomads, moving from one grazing spot to another with their herds of horses, sheep, camels, goats, and cattle. Over the centuries these nomads battled such people as the ancient Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, the Chinese, and the Arabs. Of all the nomadic warriors of central Asia, the fiercest were the Mongols.
Arms & Armour of the Crusading Era, 1050-1350: Islam, Eastern Europe and Asia (Vol 2)
 Author: David C. Nicolle Arms & Armour of the Crusading Era, 1050-1350: Islam, Eastern Europe and Asia (Vol 2) Greenhill Books 1999 Format: pdf Size: 28,95 mb Language English David C. Nicolle, in this second volume of his comprehensive study of military weapons and equipment examines the arms and armor actually used by Moslem, Orthodox Christian and Mongol armies. Emphasising the evolution of military technology, fashion and science, this definitive study throws light on Eastern Europe and Asia as old empires decay and new powers emerge. Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era examines the arms and equipment for each specific power or ethnic group. Conclusions are then linked to hundreds of superbly detailed line drawings based on archaeological evidence, iconography and contemporary accounts.
Time Frame AD 1200-1300 - The Mongol Conquests
 Author: Collective Time Frame AD 1200-1300 - The Mongol Conquests Time-Life Books 1989 Format: PDF Pages: 184 Language: English Size: 26.6 MB Examines the effects of the expansion of the Mongol empire in the thirteenth century on the history, politics, and social conditions in Central Asia, the Middle East, and Western Europe.
History of the Byzantine Empire: Vol. 1, 324-1453
 History of the Byzantine Empire: Vol. 1, 324-1453 University of Wisconsin Press Author: Alexander A. Vasiliev 1958 Pages: 382 Format: PDF Size: 1,5 mb Language: English “This is the revised English translation from the original work in Russian of the history of the Great Byzantine Empire. It is the most complete and thorough work on this subject. From it we get a wonderful panorama of the events and developments of the struggles of early Christianity, both western and eastern, with all of its remains of the wonderful productions of art, architecture, and learning.”
Die Ritterorden in Umbruchs- und Krisenzeiten. The Military Orders in Times of Change and Crisis
 Author: Die Ritterorden in Umbruchs- und Krisenzeiten. The Military Orders in Times of Change and Crisis Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika 2011 Format: PDF Size: 2.06 mb Language: English
A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages
 Author: Stephen Henry Rigby A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages Wilеy-Blаckwell 2003 Pages: 688 ISBN: 0631217851 Format: PDF Size: 19.30 mb Language: English Quality: Good This authoritative survey of Britain in the later Middle Ages comprises 28 chapters written by leading figures in the field. Covers social, economic, political, religious, and cultural history in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales Provides a guide to the historical debates over the later Middle Ages Addresses questions at the leading edge of historical scholarship Each chapter includes suggestions for further reading
Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange
 Author: Marlia Mundell Mango Byzantine Trade, 4th-12th Centuries: The Archaeology of Local, Regional and International Exchange Ashgate Pub Co ISBN: 0754663108 2009 Format: PDF Size: 12,9 МБ Language: English Pages: 477 The 28 papers examine questions relating to the extent and nature of Byzantine trade from Late Antiquity into the Middle Ages. The Byzantine state was the only political entity of the Mediterranean to survive Antiquity and thus offers a theoretical standard against which to measure diachronic and regional changes in trading practices within the area and beyond.
The Third Horseman: Climate Change and the Great Famine of the 14th Century
 Author: William Rosen The Third Horseman: Climate Change and the Great Famine of the 14th Century Viking Penguin 2014 Format: epub/pdf Size: 10.4 Mb Language: English In May 1315, it started to rain. It didn’t stop anywhere in north Europe until August. Next came the four coldest winters in a millennium. Two separate animal epidemics killed nearly 80 percent of northern Europe’s livestock. Wars between Scotland and England, France and Flanders, and two rival claimants to the Holy Roman Empire destroyed all remaining farmland. After seven years, the combination of lost harvests, warfare, and pestilence would claim six million lives—one eighth of Europe’s total population. William Rosen draws on a wide array of disciplines, from military history to feudal law to agricultural economics and climatology, to trace the succession of traumas that caused the Great Famine. With dramatic appearances by Scotland’s William Wallace, and the luckless Edward II and his treacherous Queen Isabella, history’s best documented episode of catastrophic climate change comes alive, with powerful implications for future calamities.
The Templars: The History and the Myth: From Solomon's Temple to the Freemasons
 The Templars: The History and the Myth: From Solomon's Temple to the Freemasons Harper Paperbacks Author: Michael Haag 2009 Pages: 384 Format: PDF Size: 4,5 Mb Language: English The first history of the legendary knights since the Vatican momentously released the records of their trial and exoneration Who were the Templars? What was the secret of their wealth and power? Why did the pope and the king of France act to destroy them? The Knights Templar were founded on Christmas Day 1119, on the very spot in Jerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified. A religious order of fighting knights, the Templars defended the Holy Land and Christian pilgrims in the decades after the First Crusade. Legendary for their bravery and dedication, the Templars became one of the wealthiest and most powerful bodies of the medieval world—until they were condemned for heresy two centuries after their foundation, when the order was abolished and its leaders were burned at the stake. In The Templars, renowned historian Michael Haag investigates the origins and history, the enduring myths, and the soaring architecture of an enigmatic order long shrouded in mystery and controversy. The hand of the Templars, many believe, can be found in everything from Cathar heresy to Masonic conspiracies, and the Knights Templar still inspire popular culture, from Indiana Jones to Xbox games, to the novels of Dan Brown.
Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World
 Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World Author: Leo de Hartog Tauris Parke Paperbacks 2004 Pages: 256 Language: English Format: pdf Size: 9.1 Mb Genghis Khan's armies breached the Great Wall of China, captured Beijing, and crushed all resistance in Afghanistan, Persia and Southern Russia by ruthless massacres and pillage. His armies also invaded Europe. Yet until now no historically reliable book about him has been written for a popular audience. This book analyses how Genghis Khan was able to unite the primitive Mongol tribes of the harsh Siberian steppes and organize them into highly mobile and disciplined troops. It shows how he created a regime so strong that his son was able to extend the conquests after the death of Genghis Khan himself. Leo de Hartog pays particular attention to the little-studied Mongol invasion of Europe and explores Europe's contacts with the great Khan.
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World History
![The Battle of Britain [History of the Second World War 9]](/uploads/posts/2015-05/1432582012_1425485761_part-9.jpeg)
