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 Cross and Scepter: The Rise of the Scandinavian Kingdoms from the Vikings to the Reformation 
 Author:Sverre Bagge Cross and Scepter: The Rise of the Scandinavian Kingdoms from the Vikings to the Reformation Princeton University Press 2014 ISBN:069116150X Format:epub Size:3.78 Mb Pages:336 Language:English Christianity and European-style monarchy--the cross and the scepter--were introduced to Scandinavia in the tenth century, a development that was to have profound implications for all of Europe. Cross and Scepter is a concise history of the Scandinavian kingdoms from the age of the Vikings to the Reformation, written by Scandinavia's leading medieval historian. Sverre Bagge shows how the rise of the three kingdoms not only changed the face of Scandinavia, but also helped make the territorial state the standard political unit in Western Europe. He describes Scandinavia's momentous conversion to Christianity and the creation of church and monarchy there, and traces how these events transformed Scandinavian law and justice, military and administrative organization, social structure, political culture, and the division of power among the king, aristocracy, and common people. Bagge sheds important new light on the reception of Christianity and European learning in Scandinavia, and on Scandinavian history writing, philosophy, political thought, and courtly culture. He looks at the reception of European impulses and their adaptation to Scandinavian conditions, and examines the relationship of the three kingdoms to each other and the rest of Europe, paying special attention to the inter-Scandinavian unions and their consequences for the concept of government and the division of power. Cross and Scepter provides an essential introduction to Scandinavian medieval history for scholars and general readers alike, offering vital new insights into state formation and cultural change in Europe.
Judea Trembles Under Rome: The Untold Details of the Greek and Roman Military Domination of Ancient Palestine During the Time of Jesus of Galilee
 Author: Edwina Cwens, Rudolph R. Windsor Judea Trembles Under Rome: The Untold Details of the Greek and Roman Military Domination of Ancient Palestine During the Time of Jesus of Galilee Windsor Golden Series 2004 Format: PDF Size: 66.4 Mb Language: English A provocative and historical blueprint of the times and conditions that gave rise to the Greek and Roman conquest of ancient Palestine. Windsor gives detailed information of how the ancient Judeans had to puffer under the Greek and Roman oppression. In clear lucid prose, the author outlines the development of the Essenic sect and customs, depicting how Christianity developed from the Essenes. Professor Windsor utilizes various ancient sources such as: the Dead Sea Scrolls, biblical texts, Josephus' works, and many other scholarly sources. His research encountered startling information dealing with many rebel leaders against Rome who called themselves messiahs and prophets. He addresses the questions. Who was the real Jesus? What was his mission?
The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: Rome's Dealings with the Ancient Kingdoms of India, Africa and Arabia
 Author: Raoul McLaughlin The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: Rome's Dealings with the Ancient Kingdoms of India, Africa and Arabia Pen and Sword 2014 Format: PDF Size: 10.7 Mb Language: English The ancient evidence suggests that international commerce supplied Roman government with up to a third of the revenues that sustained their empire. In ancient times large fleets of Roman merchant ships set sail from Egypt on voyages across the Indian Ocean. They sailed from Roman ports on the Red Sea to distant kingdoms on the east coast of Africa and the seaboard off southern Arabia. Many continued their voyages across the ocean to trade with the rich kingdoms of ancient India. Freighters from the Roman Empire left with bullion and returned with cargo holds filled with valuable trade goods, including exotic African products, Arabian incense and eastern spices. This book examines Roman commerce with Indian kingdoms from the Indus region to the Tamil lands. It investigates contacts between the Roman Empire and powerful African kingdoms, including the Nilotic regime that ruled Meroe and the rising Axumite Realm. Further chapters explore Roman dealings with the Arab kingdoms of south Arabia, including the Saba-Himyarites and the Hadramaut Regime, which sent caravans along the incense trail to the ancient rock-carved city of Petra. The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean is the first book to bring these subjects together in a single comprehensive study that reveals Rome’s impact on the ancient world and explains how international trade funded the Legions that maintained imperial rule. It offers a new international perspective on the Roman Empire and its legacy for modern society.
The Fall of the Athenian Empire
 Author: Donald Kagan The Fall of the Athenian Empire (A New History of the Peloponnesian War) Cornell University Press 1987 Format: PDF Size: 16.8 Mb Language: English In the fourth and final volume of his magisterial history of the Peloponnesian War, Donald Kagan examines the period from the destruction of Athens' Sicilian expedition in September of 413 B.C. to the Athenian surrender to Sparta in the spring of 404 B.C. Through his study of this last decade of the war, Kagan evaluates the performance of the Athenian democracy as it faced its most serious challenge. At the same time, Kagan assesses Thucydides' interpretation of the reasons for Athens’ defeat and the destruction of the Athenian Empire.
Thomas Sienkiewicz - Ancient Greece
 Ancient Greece Author: Thomas Sienkiewicz (editor) Salem Press, Inc Graduation Year: 2007 Pages: 1030 Format: pdf Size : 13,6 mb Language: English Ancient Greek civilization — the heroic tales of Homer and the philosophical musings of Plato, the bloody Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta and the vast empire of Alexander the Great — served as the touchstone for much of Western history that followed. Ancient Greece is a three-volume, A-Z survey of Greek history and culture from its earliest archaeological remains until the Battle of Actium in 31 B. c. E. , when Greek civilization merged with Roman to become Greco-Roman civilization, that is sure to fascinate students and general readers of all ages. The 315 essays in this work range in length from 1 to g pages. They include general overviews of such topics as art and architecture, daily life and customs, education and training, government and law, language and dialects, literature, medicine and health, mythology, the performing arts, philosophy, religion and ritual, science, sports and entertainment, warfare, and women's life. Biographical entries cover statesmen, military leaders, artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers. Descriptive entries examine types of literature, battles, and philosophical movements.
Secrets of the Exodus: The Egyptian Origins of the Hebrew People
 Author: Messod Sabbah, Roger Sabbath Secrets of the Exodus: The Egyptian Origins of the Hebrew People Helios Press 2004 Format: PDF Size: 26.41 MB This fascinating reference fuels the passionate debate about the biblical Exodus with a provocative thesis: Not only was Moses an Egyptian but so were the Hebrew people who followed him to Canaan. Through linguistic, philologic, and religious explorations, the authors prove that the "Chosen People" were not slaves from a foreign country but high-ranking Egyptian priests and the adherents of the monothiest pharaoh Akhenaton. During a counterrevolution against monotheism, his followers were forced to move to the Egyptian province of Canaan.
Ireland: Land of the Pharaohs
 Author: Andrew Power Ireland: Land of the Pharaohs Peninsula Print & Design 2005 Format: PDF Size: 10.8 Mb Language: English "Jews, Catholics, and especially afro-centrist types have done all they can to cover up the WHITE portion of Egyptian history, but with modern DNA tests of King Tut matching those of western Europeans more than any Africans, it starts to become clear how the blue blood thrones of modern England received their positions of modern tyranny, through their ancient “royal” blue bloodlines. ELITE RULING CLASS BLOODLINES are a 100 % REALITY, plain and simple."
Tutankhamun's Armies - Battle and Conquest during Ancient Egypt's Late 18th Dynasty
 Author: John Coleman Darnell, Colleen Manassa Tutankhamun's Armies - Battle and Conquest during Ancient Egypt's Late 18th Dynasty John Wiley & Sons 2007 Format: PDF Pages: 302 Language: English Size: 82 MB The force that forged an empire. The furious thunder of thousands of hooves, the clatter and sheen of bronze armor sparkling in the desert sun, the crunch of wooden wheels racing across a rock–strewn battlefield–and leading this terrifying chariot charge, the gallant Pharaoh, the ribbons of his blue war crown streaming behind him as he launches yet another arrow into the panicking mass of his soon–to–be–routed enemies. While scenes like the one depicted above did occur in ancient Egypt, they represent only one small aspect of the vast, complex, and sophisticated military machine that secured, defended, and expanded the borders of the empire during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. In Tutankhamun′s Armies, you′ll discover the harsh reality behind the imperial splendor of the New Kingdom and gain a new appreciation for the formidable Egyptian army–from pharaoh to foot soldier. You′ll follow "the heretic king" Akhenaten, his son Tutankhamun, and their three Amana–Period successors as they employ double–edge diplomacy and military might to defeat competing powers, quell internal insurrections, and keep reluctant subject states in line. This vivid and absorbing chronicle will forever change the way you think about the glories and riches of ancient Egypt.
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
 : The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy Author : Mario Liverani Routledge : 2014 Pages: 648 Format : PDF Size : 19 MB Language : English The Ancient Near East reveals three millennia of history (c. 3500–500 bc) in a single work. Liverani draws upon over 25 years’ worth of experience and this personal odyssey has enabled him to retrace the history of the peoples of the Ancient Near East. The history of the Sumerians, Hittites, Assyrians, Babylonians and more is meticulously detailed by one of the leading scholars of Assyriology. Utilizing research derived from the most recent archaeological finds, the text has been fully revised for this English edition and explores Liverani’s current thinking on the history of the Ancient Near East. The rich and varied illustrations for each historical period, augmented by new images for this edition, provide insights into the material and textual sources for the Ancient Near East. Many highlight the ingenuity and technological prowess of the peoples in the Ancient East. Never before available in English, The Ancient Near East represents one of the greatest books ever written on the subject and is a must read for students who will not have had the chance to explore the depth of Liverani’s scholarship.
Element Encyclopedia of the Celts
 Author: Rodney Castleden Element Encyclopedia of the Celts HarperCollins Publishers 2013 Format: PDF/EPUB Size: 10 Mb Language: English The latest title in the much-loved Element Encyclopedia series, The Element Encyclopedia of Celts explores the history, culture, and mythology of these great peoples. A comprehensive guide of Celtic history and culture, The Element Encyclopedia of the Celts tells the stories of these grand peoples and their way of life, including their heroic gods and goddesses, incredible myths and legends, and their everyday lives through their language, customs, and society. Encompassing their iron-age beginnings, European colonization, the various strands of 'Celticness' (race, politics, and culture), as well as the Celtic Tiger of today, this encyclopedia gets to the very heart of Celtic origin and meaning, as well as delving into the cultural and mythical background that draws so many to claim their Celtic roots today. Including: * The Celtic People and Their Way of Life * Celtic Places * Celtic Religion * Myths, Legends, and Stories * Symbols, Ideas, and Archetypes * Celtic Twilight and Revival Accompanied by illustrations and maps, which show the spread of Celts across the globe, as well as the symbols of Celtic mythology and religion
Greek and Roman Warfare - Battles, Tactics and Trickery
 Author: John Drogo Montagu Greek and Roman Warfare - Battles, Tactics and Trickery Greenhill Books 2006 Format: PDF Pages: 256 Language: English Size: 48 MB Greek and Roman Warfare: Battles, Tactics and Trickery is a uniquely detailed work which explores the tactics and battle strategies of the Graeco-Roman period. This incisive study goes beyond the arms and armour to reveal the psychology behind history's most emblematic battles. The technology of an army is of course an important factor in its success, but battles are ultimately won by tactics and strategy. From the cunning ambush to oxen with torches masquerading as an escaping army at night, Drogo Montagu explores the intricacies of waging war in the ancient world. Using his extensive knowledge of Graeco-Roman military history, he has created a gripping account of classical military thought. Montagu draws on the great historians of the time Livy, Plutarch, Xenophon and Josephus among them to illustrate the different elements that an army required to defeat its enemy on the battlefield, be it by force or guile. In addition, he offers details on how a commander would maintain the morale and fitness of his troops, as well as conduct their training. Greek and Roman Warfare provides an incredibly thorough view of the tactics and strategy of battle in ancient times from all perspectives, making it one of the most complete studies of Graeco-Roman warfare to date.
The Penguin Atlas of Ancient History
 The Penguin Atlas of Ancient History Author: Colin McEvedy Penguin Books, Ltd. 1967 (reprinted 1979) ISBN: 0140708324 Format: PDF Size: 116 MB in RAR Language: English Pages: 100 Traces the migrations and evolution of the races as well as the development of civilizations from prehistoric times to the fourth century A.D.
Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
 Author: Charles Gates Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome (2nd edition) Routledge 2011 ISBN: 0415498643 Format: PDF Size: 22,1 МБ Language: English Pages: 504 Ancient Cities surveys the cities of the Ancient Near East, Egypt, and the Greek and Roman worlds from the perspectives of archaeology and architectural history, bringing to life the physical world of ancient city dwellers by concentrating on evidence recovered from archaeological excavations. Urban form is the focus: the physical appearance and overall plans of the cities, their architecture and natural topography, and the cultural and historical contexts in which they flourished. Attention is also paid to non-urban features such as religious sanctuaries and burial grounds, places and institutions that were a familiar part of the city dweller's experience. Objects or artifacts that represented the essential furnishings of everyday life are discussed, such as pottery, sculpture, wall paintings, mosaics and coins. Ancient Cities is unusual in presenting this wide range of Old World cultures in such comprehensive detail, giving equal weight to the Preclassical and Classical periods, and in showing the links between these ancient cultures.
The Celts - Europe's People of Iron
 Author: Collective The Celts - Europe's People of Iron (Lost Civilizations Series) Time-Life Books 1995 Format: PDF Pages: 176 Language: English Size: 40.8 MB This is a good overview of the Celitic peoples. Their 'race' per se, covered a very vast area in Europe and beyond. Content: A great people maligned by history Essay: a duchess in the dirt A rising tide of power and influence Essay: a tomb beyond compare What life was like in the iron age Essay: farming the past Heroic struggles against mighty Rome Essay: the people from the bog
1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed
 Author:Eric H. Cline 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History) Princeton University Press; Second Impression edition 2014 ISBN:0691140898 Format:epub Size:4.36 MB Pages:264 Language:English In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the "Sea Peoples" invaded Egypt. The pharaoh's army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen? In this major new account of the causes of this "First Dark Ages," Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, and the cutting of international trade routes. Bringing to life the vibrant multicultural world of these great civilizations, he draws a sweeping panorama of the empires and globalized peoples of the Late Bronze Age and shows that it was their very interdependence that hastened their dramatic collapse and ushered in a dark age that lasted centuries. A compelling combination of narrative and the latest scholarship, 1177 B.C. sheds new light on the complex ties that gave rise to, and ultimately destroyed, the flourishing civilizations of the Late Bronze Age--and that set the stage for the emergence of classical Greece.
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, 2 edition
 Author: Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes, Donald Scragg The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, 2 edition Wiley Blackwell 2013 ISBN: 0470656328 Format: PDF Size: 12,5 МБ Language: English Pages: 608 Widely acknowledged as the essential reference work for this period, this volume brings together more than 700 articles written by 150 top scholars that cover the people, places, activities, and creations of the Anglo-Saxons. The only reference work to cover the history, archaeology, arts, architecture, literatures, and languages of England from the Roman withdrawal to the Norman Conquest (c.450 – 1066 AD) Includes over 700 alphabetical entries written by 150 top scholars covering the people, places, activities, and creations of the Anglo-Saxons Updated and expanded with 40 brand-new entries and a new appendix detailing "English Archbishops and Bishops, c.450-1066" Accompanied by maps, line drawings, photos, a table of "English Rulers, c.450-1066," and a headword index to facilitate searching An essential reference tool, both for specialists in the field, and for students looking for a thorough grounding in key topics of the period
Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt
 Author: Peter A. Clayton Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Thames & Hudson 2001 ISBN: 0500050740 Language: English Pages: 224 Format: PDF Size: 211,82 МБ Who was the first king of ancient Egypt, and who was the last? Which Egyptian queens ruled in their own right? What in fact do we know about the 170 or more pharoahs whose names have down to us? This book sets down in narrative form, using timelines, and other visual aids throughout, all the rulers and dynasties of Egypt in their chronological order, from Narmer, who first united the lands along the Nile, to Cleopatra 3000 years later.
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World History
