On the Ile de la Cité, the island in the Seine at the heart of Paris,
the principal royal palace and the administrative center of the growing
French kingdom was built west of the cathedral of Notre Dame. A residence
had stood on the site since Merovingian times, giving the site
an aura of antiquity and established power. The palace as it evolved
was not one but several buildings, including a twelfth-century great
tower (today the Tour Bonbec) and chamber block, the thirteenthcentury
chapel (the Ste.-Chapelle), a merchants’ hall, and a hall attached
to the tower overlooking the river (the Salle sur l’Eau) built by
Louis IX. In the 1290s, Philip IV added more specialized government
buildings—a royal audience hall and hall of justice (the Grand Salle).
In the great hall the king held court, received guests and petitioners,
and held state receptions and banquets. He and his advisers administered
justice, so the building also had to function as a courthouse and
prison. Of course, the royal residence and gardens were luxurious. The
castle reflected a social system that continued even as the actual forms
of government—and power—changed. The Knights’ Hall at Mont St.-
Michel, even without tapestries on the walls and benches near the fireplaces,
helps us imagine the appearance of the royal halls of Paris.